Lawmakers are far apart on a new coronavirus relief bill. Here are 5 sticking points

• By Deirdre Walsh, Domenico Montanaro/NPR

Congress returns from a summer recess Monday as many states experience spikes in confirmed coronavirus cases.

State governments face a precipitous drop in revenue, parents and teachers are debating how kids will return to school in the fall, and millions of unemployed workers face the prospect of their pandemic assistance running out at the end of the month.

But there have been zero negotiations between House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., and they remain very far apart on the contours of what should be in another relief bill.

Pelosi pushed again last week for the $3 trillion HEROES Act the House passed more than two months ago. But that bill, which was approved largely along party lines, was ignored by McConnell — and also met with a veto threat by the president.

McConnell insists he’s writing the next bill on his own and has indicated he’s looking at something significantly smaller — around $1 trillion. Senate Democrats haven’t heard any details and, according to a source on a call with the Democratic caucus last week, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., said he would only engage in talks if House Democrats were included.

McConnell is expected to unveil his proposal early this week, according to an aide familiar with the leader’s plans. After discussions with Senate Republicans at a lunch on Tuesday, the bill could be rolled out if the GOP conference backs the blueprint.

He has repeatedly said no bill would pass without liability protection related to everyone from health care workers, businesses and schools.

“Nobody should have to face an epidemic of lawsuits on the heels of the pandemic we already have related to the coronavirus,” McConnell said last week when visiting a health care facility in his home state.

President Trump agrees there needs to be more aid, and has repeatedly insisted that schools need to be back in person in the fall. He wasn’t an active negotiator in talks on the previous packages, but last week, a White House spokesperson said the president is pushing again for a payroll tax cut. That is something he’s previously said he wanted but it hasn’t gained significant support from members of his own party or from Democrats, according to aides from both parties. In a Fox News Sunday interview, Trump said he would consider vetoing a bill that did not have a payroll tax cut in it.

Pelosi dismisses GOP efforts to scale down a package from the ambitious plan the House passed.

“If we don’t put money in the pockets of the American people with their direct payments and unemployment insurance, it will be much worse,” Pelosi told reporters on Capitol Hill last week.

Leaders from both parties maintain they want to approve a deal and send it to the president to sign before they head out for an August recess, which marks the final campaign push before the November elections. Pelosi has said she will “absolutely” delay the start of recess in order to get something in place, but there are several major policy areas where both sides would need to move.

Here are the key sticking points:

1. Unemployment assistance and direct payments

Congress extended unemployment insurance benefits and added a $600-per-week benefit to help those impacted by the pandemic, but that boost in assistance expires on July 31. Both sides agree states will need more money to keep paying assistance, but the additional weekly payment is where Democrats and Republicans part ways.

McConnell argues that renewing that full payment is a disincentive for the jobless to return to work, because for many people, the combined benefits are more in weekly wages than they would receive if they go back to their jobs.

Congress approved $300 billion in the CARES Act in March in direct payments for Americans — $1,200 or less for individuals, depending on their income level. Families received more — up to an income cap — and also were eligible for $500 per child.

Pelosi signaled Democrats could accept some amount lower than the $600 benefit if there were other provisions giving government aid, like another round of checks.

“The whole package will depend on what we do also for direct payments, which are so essential,” Pelosi said.

2. Liability reform

Pelosi has bristled at McConnell’s insistence that there is a red line that any new bill include legal protections for a broad array of businesses, hospitals, workers and K-12 schools and universities.

Instead, she argues that worker protections that Democrats added for Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations are the preferred way to address that. “That is their protection,” she said. “It’s their best defense.”

McConnell has been working with Texas GOP Sen. John Cornyn, a former prosecutor, on the liability provisions and a draft was shared with the White House last week. According to the draft, obtained by NPR, the measure would include a temporary shield from lawsuits related to the pandemic from December 2019 through 2024.

3. Aid for state and local governments

The House-passed bill provided roughly $1 trillion to state and local governments. In recent weeks, many states have warned they are facing decisions about cuts to key services, as tax revenues have plummeted with many businesses closed or operating at reduced levels.

McConnell has acknowledged some state aid is needed, but the parties are far apart on the details, and many Republican lawmakers say any new money has to be funneled for items directly related to the virus, not to paying down deficits in the states.

Pelosi and other Democrats warn that without more help, states will have to lay off first responders or cut education budgets, which are tight with new demands related to the coronavirus.

4. Help for schools to reopen

McConnell shifted his emphasis in the last couple of weeks to note that the next package will not only need to address liability issues, but will have to include help for schools.

The HEROES Act includes $100 billion to fortify school districts’ budgets as they work to buy personal protective equipment and other equipment and technology for remote learning, as needed. Separately, Democrats included more money for schools in an infrastructure bill they approved recently.

Presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden rolled out his own proposalfor what schools need, including an additional $30 billion.

But as coronavirus cases spike in some regions and schools reevaluate plans to bring students back in person, some Republicans argue additional money should be conditioned on schools returning to full-time, in-person schedules.

5. Small business help

The Paycheck Protection Program, which provided loans to small businesses, was one the most popular federal components of the $2 trillion CARES Act enacted in March.

The money went quickly, and Congress approved more for the program, but issues about transparency and some larger businesses getting the money raised concerns about how to structure any additional assistance.