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Impeachment timeline: From early calls to a full House vote

Here's a look at how we got here.

  • By Brian Naylor/NPR
Committee members work into the late evening during a House Judiciary Committee markup of the articles of impeachment against President Donald Trump, on Capitol Hill in Washington, Thursday, Dec. 12, 2019.

 Andrew Harrer / Pool via AP

Committee members work into the late evening during a House Judiciary Committee markup of the articles of impeachment against President Donald Trump, on Capitol Hill in Washington, Thursday, Dec. 12, 2019.

(Washington) — The House is expected to vote Wednesday on two articles of impeachment against President Trump. A handful of congressional Democrats have been calling for Trump to be impeached even before they won control of the House in the 2018 election. But the majority of the caucus didn’t back Trump’s removal until this past fall. Here’s a look at how we got here:

Earliest calls

Two Democratic congressmen filed the first article of impeachment against Trump back in July 2017. Reps. Brad Sherman of California and Al Green of Texas filed articles charging Trump obstructed justice, two months after the president fired then-FBI director James Comey. But with the House then controlled by Republicans, the effort was largely ignored.

When Democrats won a majority in the House after the 2018 elections, impeachment talk grew louder and more, well, colorful. Sherman and Green reintroduced their article of impeachment, and that same day, Jan. 3rd, freshman Democrat Rashida Tlaib, at a MoveOn reception on Capitol Hill proclaimed Democrats would “impeach the motherf*****.”

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi sought to tamp down pro-impeachment sentiments in the early days of the new Congress, calling it “divisive” and suggesting lawmakers should wait and see how the probe of Russian interference in the 2016 election led by Special Counsel Robert Mueller played out.

Alex Brandon / AP Photo

Former special counsel Robert Mueller, checks pages in the report as he testifies before the House Judiciary Committee hearing on his report on Russian election interference, on Capitol Hill, Wednesday, July 24, 2019 in Washington.

“He’s just not worth it”

Pelosi repeated her opposition to impeachment in a Washington Post Magazine interview in March, words which Republicans have repeatedly pointed to in the months since. She said that “unless there’s something so compelling and overwhelming and bipartisan, I don’t think we should go down that path, because it divides the country,” adding of Trump, “He’s just not worth it.”

Mueller report released

In April, Special Counsel Mueller’s redacted report was publicly released. While it found no evidence that the Trump campaign actively conspired with Russia’s efforts to interfere in the 2016 election, it did not exonerate the president from allegations that he obstructed the probe.

The findings gave more ammunition to Democrats who called for Trump’s impeachment, including a growing list of those running for president.

Behind the scenes moves

Unbeknownst to lawmakers, the groundwork or casus belli of the impeachment inquiry was being laid over the spring and summer of 2019, after Congress approved some $391 million in military aid to Ukraine. On June 19, Trump started asking about the Ukrainian aid, and a few weeks later, officials have testified the aid was actually put on hold by the administration.

The Ukraine call

On July 25, Trump made his now infamous call to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy. According to a partial transcript, Trump tells him “I would like you to do us a favor though,” and later asks that Zelenskiy “look into” activities by potential 2020 opponent Joe Biden and his son Hunter in Ukraine, as well as a discredited theory that Ukraine interfered in the 2016 election, not Russia.

Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., center, speaks with members of the media after former deputy national security adviser Charles Kupperman signaled that he would not appear as scheduled for a closed door meeting to testify as part of the House impeachment inquiry into President Donald Trump, Monday, Oct. 28, 2019, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Standing with Schiff are Carolyn Maloney, D-N.Y., from left, Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., and Rep. Eric Swalwell, D-Calif.

Patrick Semansky / AP Photo

Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., center, speaks with members of the media on Monday, Oct. 28, 2019, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Standing with Schiff are Carolyn Maloney, D-N.Y., from left, Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., and Rep. Eric Swalwell, D-Calif.

The whistleblower

None of Trump’s machinations over Ukraine aid, nor his requests of Zelenskiy were known publicly, until a still anonymous whistleblower came forward and filed a complaint on August 12th to the Senate and House Intelligence Committees. We later learned the whistleblower accused the president of “using the power of his office to solicit interference from a foreign country in the 2020 election.”

But the whistleblower’s complaint was withheld from Congress per an order from the newly named acting Director of National Intelligence. When House Intelligence Committee chairman Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif. discovered in September that a complaint had been filed, he threatened to sue the administration in order to force it to turn over the complaint.

News of Trump’s phone call

On Sept. 20, the Wall Street Journal published a story alleging that “President Trump in a July phone call repeatedly pressured the president of Ukraine to investigate Joe Biden’s son, according to people familiar with the matter.” It was the first time the public found out the details of the July 25 phone call, which set in motion a series of events culminating in the impeachment vote.

Pelosi orders inquiry

On Sept. 24, Speaker Pelosi citing that report and others, said Trump is “calling upon a foreign power to intervene in his election. This is a breach of his constitutional responsibilities.” She then announced the start of a formal impeachment inquiry. “The president must be held accountable,” she said. “No one is above the law. ” She said six congressional committees which have been investigating Trump’s actions will continue under the auspices of the inquiry.

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and the chairs of investigative committees announce the articles of impeachment against President Trump on Tuesday.

Saul Loeb / AFP via Getty Images

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and the chairs of investigative committees announce the articles of impeachment against President Trump on Tuesday.

Depositions begin

In early October, the combined Intelligence, Oversight and Foreign Affairs committees began taking depositions from key people involved in the Ukraine affair, including the special representative for Ukraine negotiations, a former ambassador to the country, and other State Department officials. The depositions were open to committee members from both parties, although Republicans slammed the process, and at one point a group of GOP members not assigned to the relevant committees stormed the high security room where the testimony was taken in a form of protest.

House approves resolution

On Oct. 28, Speaker Pelosi announced the next stage in the impeachment inquiry. She said the House would vote that week on a resolution to officially authorize impeachment proceedings, including public hearings, and the release of the deposition transcripts. The formal inquiry would be led by Intelligence Committee Chairman Schiff, and the materials gathered from those hearings and well as a final report would be turned over the Judiciary Committee. The process would also allow the president or his lawyers to take part, an invitation they decided to decline.

Intelligence Committee hearings start

On Nov. 13, public impeachment hearings began in the Intelligence Committee. Lawmakers heard from a range of witnesses, including Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, a National Security Council Ukraine expert who testified he thought Trump’s phone call with the Ukrainian president was “improper;” former ambassador to Ukraine Marie Yovanovitch, who said she felt threatened by Trump’s comments about her in that phone call; and the U.S. ambassador to the E.U., Gordon Sondland, who testified he believed Trump’s demand Zelenskiy to open an investigation into the Bidens did constitute a “quid pro quo.”

Former White House national security aide Fiona Hill, left, and David Holmes, a U.S. diplomat in Ukraine, are sworn in to testify before the House Intelligence Committee on Capitol Hill in Washington, Thursday, Nov. 21, 2019, during a public impeachment hearing of President Donald Trump's efforts to tie U.S. aid for Ukraine to investigations of his political opponents.

Andrew Harnik / AP Photo

Former White House national security aide Fiona Hill, left, and David Holmes, a U.S. diplomat in Ukraine, are sworn in to testify before the House Intelligence Committee on Capitol Hill in Washington, Thursday, Nov. 21, 2019, during a public impeachment hearing of President Donald Trump’s efforts to tie U.S. aid for Ukraine to investigations of his political opponents.

Judiciary Committee hearings

On Dec. 4, the scene shifted to the House Judiciary Committee, which began its phase of the impeachment hearings, taking testimony from a panel of constitutional law scholars. Three of the four on the panel said they believed impeaching President Trump was called for.

Pelosi announces impeachment articles will be drawn up

The following day, Dec. 5, Speaker Pelosi announced that the House Judiciary Committee would draw up articles of impeachment against President Trump. She said “The president leaves us no choice but to act because he is trying to corrupt, once again, the election for his own benefit.”

Judiciary Committee approves two articles

The House Judiciary committee on Dec. 12 spent more than 14 hours in a highly partisan and at times emotional debate deliberating over two articles of impeachment, accusing President Trump of abusing the power of his office, and with obstructing Congress. The following day, the panel approved each article on a party-line 23-17 vote, making Trump just the fourth president in American history to face impeachment by the House.

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